Ludmila Chekalenko, Maria Vasilyeva

SUMMARY

Chekalenko Liudmyla, Vasylieva Marija / Diplomatic Academy of Ukraine under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine / The European values.

This article is about the influent system of axiological base of the European values. The authors propose to analyze Ukrainian European values and their roots as the original model of existence of Ukraine

What are European values? The answer is quite hard to find and unambiguous on this issue no. With some caution about the European values we can say, based on the stated provisions referred to in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, adopted on December 7, 2000 (in Nice). And the first place among them holds human dignity, rather - dignity. Other specified: freedom, democracy, and equality, the rule of law, solidarity and respect for human rights.

Fundamental principles-values are only set and are the legal status of the individual. The document emphasizes that these principles are based on the spiritual, moral and historical heritage of the peoples of Europe (paragraph 2 of the Charter). According mentioned sections of the European Charter. Thus, section "dignity" (Article 1-5), but, in fact, the right to human dignity, establishes the rights and guarantees a dignified existence of the individual in society: the right to life, prohibition of torture, slavery and so on. Article 3 enshrines the "right to security of person." Chapter II " Freedom " (Article 6-19) focuses on fundamental civil and political freedoms enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights - The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms adopted by the Council of Europe November 4, 1950 (as amended and supplemented by the Protocol number 11 of 11 May 1994 and the Protocol number 14 of 13 May 2004). Chapter III "Equality" (Articles 20-26) contains provisions designed to ensure equality before the law, non-discrimination, cultural, religious and linguistic diversity, gender equality, the rights of children and the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Chapter IV " Solidarity" (Articles 27-38) contains some labor law and certain provisions of the European Social Charter of the Council of Europe, adopted May 3, 1996 (Strasbourg), which has become part of EU law.

Regulations on social rights and principles contain warnings that they are implemented "under the conditions stipulated Union law and national laws and national practice."

The main idea of the Charter is that the human personality EU considers central to their work, giving it a "citizenship of the Union and create an area of freedom , security and justice" [1].

However, for this separation values are heard and criticisms. Thus, the American scholar S. Gervasi believes that "wanting to reconcile the often conflicting values of the ultimate goals, dialectical force" of humanistic synthesis" European project lacks, mainly clarity and simplicity. Fact no uniform and original presentation, and a clear hierarchy THAT? of these values - except peace." [2]

Modern understanding of European values, which, in theory, should be close to universal , basically little changed compared with previous periods of history of mankind . Different conditions under which these values should be introduced into life, she transformed system of international relations in which the raging globalization phenomenon and ahead of regional reform.

Axiological principles, which in the classical case scenario should be built state mechanism, formulated from ancient times the Greek thinkers and implemented in the ancient Greek city-states. As human communities create state and the formation of thestate, whose characteristics are close to the "apparatus of violence", then try to inject their own values into the management system. Thus, subject to landslides and classic set of axiological values of the state, and hence the interpretations of sovereignty, which no longer serve a protective mechanism against external interference.

Some of the world leaders today are taking the liberty to impose an idea on those values to other nations and countries. And their idea of the scheme being is implemented in practice, making light of their emissions and their belief "more democratic." However, as the practice of international life, most attempts to implement democracy in other countries, and in fact impose the western model of statehood, governance and values have been unsuccessful, leading to new failed states and led to a number of other unsightly statuses. Often after such procedures conflict, confrontation and civil war unfolded with dual power and led to more tragic consequences. Thus, a political scientist and economist, former advisor to the IMF P. Collier, analyzing all such conflicts after 1991 concluded that about 50 % of international intervention resulted in the fact that for decades in the troubled region begins a new phase of civil war. [3]

However, despite the profound changes the whole system of international existence, the main elements of relationships are still sovereign states, which must carry on its territory all legislative, judicial and executive branches. By definition, analysts of international law have traditionally stopped at the borders of a sovereign state within which it was subject to its jurisdiction. On top of the principle of sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention followed a commitment of other actors does not get involved in the internal affairs of the state without the consent of the latter. However, the nature of international relations justifies the legitimacy of the use of force leads to the transformation of sovereignty. On the agenda came the doctrine of law of the international community to intervene in the internal affairs of the state not only for the maintenance of international peace, but also for humanitarian reasons - the so-called humanitarian intervention.

For global scale capacity Ukraine has a relatively good performance. Thus, the research journal Foreign Policy Magazine, with 177 countries where monitoring was carried out in a third (60 countries) - there is full or partial decline of state power. According to this indicator are: Somalia, Zimbabwe, Sudan (with 4 million refugees), Chad, Congo (which in 1998 killed 5.4 million people), Iraq and Afghanistan. The "failed" states approach with partial or complete crisis of state power: Cameroon, Yemen, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Guinea and Guinea Bissau. In general, the population of these countries is 2 billion people. Most of them are in Africa. Worst economic performance with 10 countries: they account for 10% of the world's population and only 1% of world trade. Among the post-Soviet countries in the "orange" category of failure were: Russia (83 seats), Belarus (85,) Moldova (73), Turkmenistan (81), and Azerbaijan (68). Slightly better situation is in Armenia (102), Kazakhstan (107) and Ukraine (113). In the critical red zone were: Uzbekistan (39th) , Kyrgyzstan (41), Tajikistan (46) and Georgia (51). The highest positive position - 177 - in this ranking holds Finland.

Chart 2

Attempts to define and evaluation of quantitative indicators and their combination with the decline of useful in giving an overview of the underlying factors of weakness , but did not answer the question why some weak states sometimes turn into the country in decline or fail the country? Do not they give a tool for forecasting? Indisputably, certain conditions increase the overall risk of the destruction of the state - such as poverty, lack of education and infrastructure development, and possibly the presence of ethnic and religious conflicts. However, a number of countries with such conditions are not bound to decline. However, states may exist in a state of decline or even become weaker, but it does not crash or violence. Finally, there are also factors of decline starting state. External intervention often is such a factor, and it is extremely not taken into account in studies of that subject. Other factors can be powerful economic shocks, natural disasters, serious political crisis or extremely bad decisions of political leaders.

In such circumstances, the implementation of security tasks Ukraine, like most developing countries, depends not only on the internal state and the ability to adapt to the revised system of international relations, but also on the capacity of guarantor of international peace and partnership to ensure the stability of all countries in the world, regardless of their level of development and military capabilities. In view of the foregoing, for the protection of their own values and address threats, it is necessary to look for other levers that we conceived foreign defense mechanisms. And the most reliable of them can be considered part of the deepening economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union, as well as mutual cultural penetration, which means nurturing and protection of common European values. Why does it appeal to values and economic component of international relations, rather than political, for example, or the military? The answer to this question is found on the surface: that somehow all challenges and threats embrace the notion of common security, human society. In our opinion, it is the economic levers as groundwork for cooperation and spiritual heritage that enriches one another as top European values postulates are the future pillars of the world in which there are both Ukraine and the EU and Europe in general. That is - we all. So those that are in demand, today and on all levels of government is actively supported the idea deeper economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU (first phase - the Association Agreement). So we talk about nurturing Ukrainian European values not only with European ideas, and even beyond their limits their tolerance, tolerance and compassion...

Taking into account the factor of European choice, Ukraine needs to combine existing bilateral nature of institutional contacts with individual neighbors with the development of a national strategy. For these reasons, it is important to combine the efforts of the political elite, diplomats and experts to implement vector Ukraine - the country's neighbors, including the option Ukraine - EU. However , adequate perception of time relations constituents EU - Ukraine - Russia will allow to develop parallel multifaceted and comprehensive measures of cooperation in space security, economic cooperation, issues of jurisprudence and the judicial system as well as the cultural plane.

Today can be considered universal, with few exceptions, the doctrine of the primacy of human rights over national sovereignty. End of global ideological struggle between the worlds of devices allowed taking a fresh look at the world's dominant spiritual values, the relationship between individual rights and the welfare of society, national and global ideas. One of the first on the agenda of social development objectives are moral renaissance. Unbeatable important results of the national idea are combining specific and universal values. This process is essentially in all post-communist societies, including Ukraine. One may expect that in the XXI century. it is the spiritual flourishing state determines its position in the global community. In the second place coming - material wealth and military power.

Rightly in this context is the observation Czech sociologist Miroslav Hroha which distinguishes three stages of national development: academic, cultural, and political. In the first stage among local elites appear scientific and amateur antiquarian interest, to various manifestations of ethnic identify: language, folklore, folk customs, local history and more. The second stage takes this interest wider range of local intellectuals, prompting her to active participation in the "national cause ": the spread of education and literature in the vernacular, of the press and publishing, creating patriotic canon of national history and more. Finally, the third step is the structuring of the national society just as civil society, there are not only cultural, educational and other non-governmental organizations, but also political parties that clearly articulates the requirements of national emancipation in the form of independence (or autonomy) and mobilize masses to carry out their political programs [4].

At what stage analogy is provided by Ukraine in the formation and finally maintaining its European values? This scientific aspect we leave for meditation of philosophers and historians. Here are some reasons analysts about Europeanism Ukrainian people. Top qualities: freedom, dignity, love of life, patriotism, willpower, fortitude, willingness to defend their homeland. Typical Ukrainian as a character is: pursuit of truth, trust, generosity, musicianship, intimacy, lyricism, poetic, hard work, singing, talent, and deep love of freedom [5]. Read more: rite Ukrainian culture is deeply philosophical rather developed in varied manifestations, plays the spiritual connection between generations and drill the annual agricultural life, seeing agricultural labor in general, the meaning of human existence. In calendar ritual culture is the basis of agricultural and ritual in family and family relations prevailing philosophy, ideals of beauty, health, morals, especially morals work.

And another memory associated with the European concept of "Wider Europe". In the era of Charlemagne Italian monks - St. Paulinus and Paolo Diakono out of the territory of present and Trieste reached the distant land, namely Kyiv. On his journey Italians left memories by writing Missal (Missal). On this adventure was filmed movie where Italian authors carried out a parallel with the current concept of "Wider Europe". Copy Missala stored in Kiev Scientific Library of NAS of Ukraine. St. Paulinus and Paolo Diakono, according to the authors of the film, were ideologues and implement it first draft of United Europe during Charles. At the same time, for their initiative and participation, organize relations within the empire between the three ethnic groups - Germans, Slavs and Romanism.

Given the theme of European values and in particular the European Values Ukraine is inexhaustible, broad and multifaceted, and its research should join local scientists. Revealing this topic, we can talk about the geographical foundations and origins, historical background, political and ethnic identity, cultural heritage, ideological views, patriotic setting, peaceful victories that are written on the tablets of our people it such a difficult history.

Links:

[1 ] zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_524.
[2] S.Hervas . European values: between ideal discourse and reality. - Rethinkingdemocracy.org.ua / themes / Ghervas.html
[3 ] Paul Collier The Bottom Billion, Oxford UP]. - Mode of access: www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/a-33-2007-07-03-voa4/653322.html.
[4 ] exlibris.org.ua/riabczuk/r07.html
[5] Negative qualities: layering and disadvantages Ukrainian character disrespect to their mother tongue, lack of a sense of unity of the nation, the inability to detect hostile people, enemies, prymyrenist, dovhoterpelyvist, a sense of national inferiority, lack of willingness to defend. -

http://pidruchniki.ws/16400116/pedagogika/prirodni_kulturno-istorichni_chinniki_formuvannya_ukrayinskoyi_dushi_harakteru_svitoglyad